What are Metals?
Majority elements in the periodic table are
metals. This includes alkali metals, transition
metals, lanthanides, actinides, and alkaline earth metals. Metals are separated
by nonmetals on a periodic table through a zigzag line starting from carbon,
till radon. The elements between the two are phosphorus, selenium, and iodine.
These elements and elements right to them in the periodic table are nonmetals. Elements present just to the left of the line are termed as semimetals or metalloids. These will have the combined properties of both metals and non metals
What are Nonmetals?
Very few elements in the periodic table are nonmetals.
These are present on the right-hand side in the periodic table. Elements
that come under nonmetals are sulfur, carbon, all halogens, phosphorus,
hydrogen, oxygen, selenium, nitrogen, and noble gases.
Properties of Metals
Physical Properties of Metals
Some of the physical properties of metals are listed
below.
- Shiny (lustrous)
in nature
- Metal is a good
conductor of electricity and heat
- Density and
melting point is high
- Mouldable
(Malleable)
- Ductile
- At room
temperature, it is in solid form except for mercury
- Opaque
Chemical Properties of Metals
Some of the chemical properties of metals are listed
below.
- Easily corrodible
- Can lose electrons
- Form basic oxides
- Have low electronegativities
- Good reducing agents
Properties of Non-Metals
Physical Properties of Non-metals
Some of the physical properties of non-metals are listed
below.
- Poor conductors of
electricity and heat
- Non-Ductile metals
- Brittle solids
- Maybe solids,
liquids or gases at room temperature
- These are not
sonorous
- Transparent
Chemical Properties of Non-metals
Some of the chemical properties of non-metals are listed
below.
- The number of
electrons in the outer shell is generally 4-8
- Easily gain or lose valence electrons
- Form acidic oxides
whenever they come in contact with oxygen
- High
electronegative elements
- Great oxidizing agents
To know more about Metals and Non - Metal visit this video :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlCj43q5-b4
Difference Between Metals
And Nonmetals
A reactivity series is a vital tool for
chemists. It helps us to understand the properties of metals and the
differences between them.
|
Metals |
Nonmetals |
|
These are solids at room temperature except mercury |
These exist in all three states |
|
These are very hard except sodium |
These are soft except diamond |
|
These are malleable and ductile |
These are brittle and can be breakdown into pieces |
|
These are shiny |
These are non-lustrous except iodine |
|
Electropositive in nature |
Electronegative in nature |
|
Have high densities |
Have low densities |
Metallurgy
Metallurgy - Metals extract from Some Minerals (compound which contain so.e impurities like sand, rocks etc.
Metals from which metals are extracted are called Ore and they are cheap.
5 Steps of Metal Extracting:-
1. Crushing of Ore
2. Concentration of Ore
3. Conversion of Ore I to Metal Oxide
4. Reduction of Metal Oxide
5. Refining/ purification
1. Crushing of Ore :- Ore is crushed into small pieces with the help of machines in factory.
2. Concentration of Ore :-
Concentration of Ore is done with the help of 4 main process
a. Gravity Separation
b. Magnetic Sepa
d. Chemical Method
3. Conversion of Ore into Metal Oxide :-
It is done with the help of two methods -
a. Roasting - Heating is in presence of Oxygen
Ex. ZnS + Oxygen -> ZnS
b. Calcination - Heating is in absence of Oxygen
4. Reduction of Metal Oxide :-
• This means Removal of Oxygen .
• Reducing agents are C, CO
5. Refining :-
• Purify Metal by 99.9%
• This process is also called Electrorefining
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