Phylum Porifera – | |
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| - | Marine. | |
| | - | Multicellular, cellular grade body. | |
| | - | Asymmetrical. | |
| | - | Water canal system for food, respiration and excretion. | |
| | - | Body wall with many pores – Ostia. | |
| | - | Diploblastic. | |
| | - | Water enters through Ostia and goes out through Osculum. | |
| | - | Skeleton of spicules or spongin fibres. | |
| | - | Hermaphrodite. | |
| | - | Reproduction asexual by fragmentation and sexual by gametes. | |
| | - | Fertilisation is internal, development indirect. | |
| | - | eg. Sycon, Spongilla, Euspongiaetc. | |
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Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) – | |
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| | - | Aquatic (marine), Sessile or free living. | |
| | - | Presence of Cnidoblasts or Cnidocytes – Stinging cells. | |
| | - | Cnidoblasts are for defence, anchorage or predation. | |
| | - | Tissue level body organisation. | |
| | - | Diploblastic. | |
| | - | Central gastro vascular cavity, single opening mouth. | |
| | - | Two body forms – Polyp (Asexual), Medusa (Sexual) stage. | |
| | - | eg Hydra, Physalia, Obelia, Aurelia etc. | |
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Phylum Ctenophora (sea walnuts or comb jellies) – |
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| | - | Marine, radial symmetry, Diploblastic, tissue grade. | |
| | - | Eight external rows of Comb Plates. | |
| | - | Bioluminescence. | |
| | - | eg. Ctenoplana, Pleurobrachia etc. | |
| | - | Reproduction sexual. | |
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Phylum Platehelminthes (Flat worms) – | |
| | | | |
| | - | Body dorsiventrally flattened. | |
| | - | Endoparasite. | |
| | - | Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry. | |
| | - | Acoelomate | |
| | - | -Flame cells- for excretion & osmoregulation. | |
| | - | -Flame cells- for excretion & osmoregulation. | |
| | - | Hermaphrodite | |
| | - | Reproduction – Sexual - Fertilisation internal. | |
| | - | Organ level organisation. | |
| | - | eg. Taeniasolium(Tape worm), Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke). | |
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Phylum Aschelminthes (Round Worm) – | |
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| | - | Free living or parasitic, aquatic and terrestrial. Bilateral symmetry and Triploblastic. | |
| | - | Pseudocoelomate. Muscular pharynx. | |
| | - | Male smaller and thinner than female. Fertilisation internal, development direct or indirect. | |
| | - | eg. Ascarislumbricoides, Wucherariabancroftiietc. | |
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Phylum Annelida – | |
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| | - | Aquatic or terrestrial. | |
| | - | Free living or parasitic. | |
| | - | Organ system level body bilateral symmetry and Triploblastic coelomate. | |
| | - | Nephridia for excretion. | |
| | - | Ventral double Nerve cord. | |
| | - | Monoecious or Dioecious. | |
| | - | Reproduction – Sexual. eg. | |
| | - | Earthworm(Pheretima),Nereis etc. | |
| | - | Metameric segmentation. | |
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Phylum Arthropoda( Jointed Legs) – | |
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| | - | Largest phylum. | |
| | - | Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic, segmented coelomate. | |
| | - | Body - Head, Thorax and Abdomen(three parts). | |
| | - | Blood without haemoglobin and circulatory system open. | |
| | - | Respiration by gills, book lungs and trachea. | |
| | - | Excretion by malpighian tubules. | |
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Phylum Mollusca – | |
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| | - | Soft body animals. Second largest phylum. | |
| | - | Aquatic, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomate. Body unsegmented divided into head, muscular foot and visceral hump. | |
| | - | Soft mantle over visceral hump. Respiration and excretion through gills. | |
| | - | Unisexual. | |
| | - | Sensory tentacles on head and Radula in mouth. | |
| | - | Oviparous. | |
| | - | -eg.Pila, Octopus etc | |
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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA | |
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| | - | Body surface spiny, (due to calcareous ossicles) | |
| | - | Marine , organ system level, adult radially symmetrical, triploblastic coelomate. | |
| | | Mouth ventral | |
| | 1 | Water vascular system present for locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration. | |
| | 2 | Sexes separate fertilization external, development indirect | |
| | - | e.g. Asterias (Starfish), Sea urchin (Echinus), etc. | |
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PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA | |
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| | 1 | Marine | |
| | 2 | Bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomate | |
| | 3 | Body | |
| | i | Proboscis | |
| | ii | Collar | |
| | iii | Trunk | |
| | 4 | Circulatory system open | |
| | 5 | Gills for respiration | |
| | 6 | Proboscis gland for excretion | |
| | | Sexes separate fertilization external, development indirect, e.g. Balanoglossus. | |
PHYLUM- CHORDATA | |
Distinguishing features | |
| | 1 | Presence of Notochord | |
| | 2 | Dorsal hollow nerve cord | |
| | 3 | Paired pharyngeal gills slits | |
| | 4 | Post anal tail present | |
| | 5 | Heart is ventral | |
| SUB PHYLA – | |
| | 1 | Urochordata or Tunicata, Notochord only in larval tail e.g. Ascidia | |
| | 2 | Cephalochordata notochord head to tail in all stage e.g. Branchiostoma | |
| | 3 | Vertebrata: Notochord replaced by a vertebral column. | |
SUB PHYLUM- VERTEBRATA | |
AGNATHA-without jaw | |
| | CLASS- Cyclostomata- | |
| | Ectoparasite on fish | |
| | - | C ircular mouth | |
| | - | No scales and paired fins | |
| | - | Marine but go in fresh water for spawning and die. Larva returns to ocean. | |
| | - | Eg. Petromyzon, Myxine. | |
Gnathostomata – with jaws | |
| | Class - Chondrichthyes | |
| | - | Aquatic and terrestrial both. | |
| | - | Two pairs of limbs. | |
| | - | No neck. | |
| | - | Body has head and trunk only. | |
| | - | No external ear, tympanum on surface. | |
| | - | Heart three chambered. | |
| | - | Cloaca present. | |
| | - | Respiration by gills, skin and lungs. | |
| | - | Sexes separate. | |
| | - | Fertilisation external, development direc | |
| | - | eg. Ranatigrina, Bufo, Hyla etc. | |
Class Reptilia – | |
| | - | Creeping or crawling mode of locomotion. | |
| | - | Skin with scales/scutes. | |
| | - | Tympanum on surface. | |
| | - | Heart three chambered (Four chambered in crocodile). | |
| | - | Fertilisation internal, development direct. | |
| | - | eg. Chelone, Testudo, Naja, Hemidactylus etc. | |
Class Aves – |
| | - | presence of feather, beak and forelimb in form of wing. | |
| | - | Hind limb adapted to clasping, walking and swimming. | |
| | - | No glands on skin (only oil gland at tail base). | |
| | - | Hollow bones (pneumatic). | |
| | - | Air sacs connected to lungs to supplement respiration. | |
| | - | Crop and gizzard are additional chambers in digestive system. | |
| | - | Warm blooded. | |
| | - | Heart four chambered. | |
| | - | Sexes separate. | |
| | - | Fertilisation internal and development direct.eg. | |
| | - | Columba, Psittacula etc. | |
Class Mammalia – | |
| | - | Aquatic, terrestrial and aerial. | |
| | - | Mammary glands present for milk production. | |
| | - | Two pairs of limbs. | |
| | - | Skin with hair. | |
| | - | Ear with pinna. | |
| | - | Homoiothermic. | |
| | - | Heart four chambered. | |
| | - | Excretion by kidneys. | |
| | - | .Sexes separate. | |
| | | Internal fertilisation, vivipary (exception Platypus). | |
| | - | eg. Whale, Rat , Man, Tiger etc. | |
| | - | Respiration by lungs |
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