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Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem NCERT Solutions

Binomial Theorem



Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8

Exercise 8.1 Page No: 166

Expand each of the expressions in Exercises 1 to 5.

1. (1 – 2x)5

Solution:

From binomial theorem expansion we can write as

(1 – 2x)5

5C(1)5 – 5C(1)4 (2x) + 5C(1)(2x)2 – 5C(1)(2x)3 + 5C(1)1 (2x)4 – 5C(2x)5

= 1 – 5 (2x) + 10 (4x)2 – 10 (8x3) + 5 ( 16 x4) – (32 x5)

= 1 – 10x + 40x2 – 80x3 – 32x5

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 1

Solution:

From binomial theorem, given equation can be expanded as

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 2

3. (2x – 3)6

Solution:

From binomial theorem, given equation can be expanded as

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 3

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 4

Solution:

From binomial theorem, given equation can be expanded as

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 5

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 6

Solution:

From binomial theorem, given equation can be expanded as

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 7

6. (96)3

Solution:

Given (96)3

96 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers and then binomial theorem can be applied.

The given question can be written as 96 = 100 – 4

(96)3 = (100 – 4)3

3C0 (100)3 – 3C1 (100)2 (4) – 3C2 (100) (4)2– 3C3 (4)3

= (100)3 – 3 (100)2 (4) + 3 (100) (4)2 – (4)3

= 1000000 – 120000 + 4800 – 64

= 884736

7. (102)5

Solution:

Given (102)5

102 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers and then binomial theorem can be applied.

The given question can be written as 102 = 100 + 2

(102)5 = (100 + 2)5

5C0 (100)5 + 5C1 (100)4 (2) + 5C2 (100)3 (2)2 + 5C3 (100)2 (2)3 + 5C4 (100)(2)4 + 5C5 (2)5

= (100)5 + 5 (100)4 (2) + 10 (100)3 (2)2 + 5 (100) (2)3 + 5 (100) (2)4 + (2)5

= 1000000000 + 1000000000 + 40000000 + 80000 + 8000 + 32

= 11040808032

8. (101)4

Solution:

Given (101)4

101 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers and then binomial theorem can be applied.

The given question can be written as 101 = 100 + 1

(101)4 = (100 + 1)4

4C0 (100)4 + 4C1 (100)3 (1) + 4C2 (100)2 (1)2 + 4C3 (100) (1)2 + 4C(1)4

= (100)4 + 4 (100)3 + 6 (100)2 + 4 (100) + (1)4

= 100000000 + 400000 + 60000 + 400 + 1

= 1040604001

9. (99)5

Solution:

Given (99)5

99 can be written as the sum or difference of two numbers then binomial theorem can be applied.

The given question can be written as 99 = 100 -1

(99)5 = (100 – 1)5

5C0 (100)5 – 5C1 (100)4 (1) + 5C2 (100)3 (1)2 – 5C3 (100)2 (1)3 + 5C4 (100)(1)4 – 5C5 (1)5

= (100)5 – 5 (100)4 + 10 (100)3 – 10 (100)2 + 5 (100) – 1

= 1000000000 – 5000000000 + 10000000 – 100000 + 500 – 1

= 9509900499

10. Using Binomial Theorem, indicate which number is larger (1.1)10000 or 1000.

Solution:

By splitting the given 1.1 and then applying binomial theorem, the first few terms of (1.1)10000 can be obtained as

(1.1)10000 = (1 + 0.1)10000

= (1 + 0.1)10000 C(1.1) + other positive terms

= 1 + 10000 × 1.1 + other positive terms

= 1 + 11000 + other positive terms

> 1000

(1.1)10000 > 1000

11. Find (a + b)4 – (a – b)4. Hence, evaluate 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 8

Solution:

Using binomial theorem the expression (a + b)4 and (a – b)4, can be expanded

(a + b)4 = 4C0 a4 + 4C1 a3 b + 4C2 a2 b2 + 4C3 a b3 + 4C4 b4

(a – b)4C0 a4 – 4C1 a3 b + 4C2 a2 b2 – 4C3 a b3 + 4C4 b4

Now (a + b)4 – (a – b)4 = 4C0 a4 + 4C1 a3 b + 4C2 a2 b2 + 4C3 a b3 + 4C4 b4 – [4C0 a4 – 4C1 a3 b + 4C2 a2 b2 – 4C3 a b3 + 4C4 b4]

= 2 (4C1 a3 b + 4C3 a b3)

= 2 (4a3 b + 4ab3)

= 8ab (a2+ b2)

Now by substituting a = √3 and b = √2 we get

(√3 + √2)4 – (√3 – √2)4 = 8 (√3) (√2) {(√3)2 + (√2)2}

= 8 (√6) (3 + 2)

= 40 √6

12. Find (x + 1)6 + (x – 1)6. Hence or otherwise evaluate 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 9 

Solution:

Using binomial theorem the expressions, (x + 1)6 and (x – 1)6 can be expressed as

(x + 1)6 = 6C0 x6 + 6C1 x5 + 6C2 x4 + 6C3 x3 + 6C4 x2 + 6C5 x + 6C6

(x – 1)6 = 6C0 x6 – 6C1 x5 + 6C2 x4 – 6C3 x3 + 6C4 x2 – 6C5 x + 6C6

Now, (x + 1)6 – (x – 1)6 = 6C0 x6 + 6C1 x5 + 6C2 x4 + 6C3 x3 + 6C4 x2 + 6C5 x + 6C6 – [6C0 x6 – 6C1 x5 + 6C2 x4 – 6C3 x3 + 6C4 x2 – 6C5 x + 6C6]

= 2 [6C0 x6C2 x4 + 6C4 x2 + 6C6]

= 2 [x6 + 15x4 + 15x2 + 1]

Now by substituting x = √2 we get

(√2 + 1)6 – (√2 – 1)6 = 2 [(√2)6 + 15(√2)4 + 15(√2)2 + 1]

= 2 (8 + 15 × 4 + 15 × 2 + 1)

= 2 (8 + 60 + 30 + 1)

= 2 (99)

= 198

13. Show that 9n+1 – 8n – 9 is divisible by 64, whenever n is a positive integer.

Solution:

In order to show that 9n+1 – 8n – 9 is divisible by 64, it has to be show that 9n+1 – 8n – 9 = 64 k, where k is some natural number

Using binomial theorem,

(1 + a)m = mC0 + mC1 a + mC2 a2 + …. + m am

For a = 8 and m = n + 1 we get

(1 + 8)n+1 = n+1C0 + n+1C1 (8) + n+1C2 (8)2 + …. + n+1 n+1 (8)n+1

9n+1 = 1 + (n + 1) 8 + 82 [n+1C2 + n+1C3 (8) + …. + n+1 n+1 (8)n-1]

9n+1 = 9 + 8n + 64 [n+1C2 + n+1C3 (8) + …. + n+1 n+1 (8)n-1]

9n+1 – 8n – 9 = 64 k

Where k = [n+1C2 + n+1C3 (8) + …. + n+1 n+1 (8)n-1] is a natural number

Thus, 9n+1 – 8n – 9 is divisible by 64, whenever n is positive integer.

Hence the proof

14. Prove that 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 10

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 11


Exercise 8.2 Page No: 171


Find the coefficient of

1. x5 in (x + 3)8

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = r an-r br

Here x5 is the Tr+1 term so a= x, b = 3 and n =8

Tr+1 = 8Cr x8-r 3r…………… (i)

For finding out x5

We have to equate x5= x8-r

⇒ r= 3

Putting value of r in (i) we get

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 12

= 1512 x5

Hence the coefficient of x5= 1512

2. a5b7 in (a – 2b)12 .

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = r an-r br

Here a = a, b = -2b & n =12

Substituting the values, we get

Tr+1 = 12Cr a12-r (-2b)r………. (i)

To find a5

We equate a12-r =a5

r = 7

Putting r = 7 in (i)

T8 = 12C7 a5 (-2b)7

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 13

= -101376 a5 b7

Hence the coefficient of a5b7= -101376

Write the general term in the expansion of

3. (x2 – y)6

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by

Tr+1 = r an-r br…….. (i)

Here a = x2 , n = 6 and b = -y

Putting values in (i)

Tr+1 = 6Cr x 2(6-r) (-1)r yr

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 14

= -1r 6c.x12 – 2r. yr

4. (x2 – y x)12, x ≠ 0.

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = r an-r br

Here n = 12, a= x2 and b = -y x

Substituting the values we get

Tn+1 =12Cr × x2(12-r) (-1)r yr xr

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 15

= -1r 12c.x24 –2r. yr

5. Find the 4th term in the expansion of (x – 2y)12.

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = r an-r br

Here a= x, n =12, r= 3 and b = -2y

By substituting the values we get

T4 = 12C3 x9 (-2y)3

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 16

= -1760 x9 y3

6. Find the 13th term in the expansion of 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 17

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 18

Find the middle terms in the expansions of
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 19

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 20

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 21

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 22

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 23

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 24

9. In the expansion of (1 + a)m+n, prove that coefficients of am and an are equal.

Solution:

We know that the general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = nCr an-r br

Here n= m+n, a = 1 and b= a

Substituting the values in the general form

Tr+1 = m+n Cr 1m+n-r ar

m+n Cr ar…………. (i)

Now we have that the general term for the expression is,

Tr+1 =  m+n Cr ar

Now, For coefficient of am

Tm+1 =  m+n Cm am

Hence, for coefficient of am, value of r = m

So, the coefficient is m+n m

Similarly, Coefficient of an is m+n n

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 25

10. The coefficients of the (r – 1)th, rth and (r + 1)th terms in the expansion of (x + 1)n are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5. Find n and r.

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = nCr an-r br

Here the binomial is (1+x)n with a = 1 , b = x and n = n

The (r+1)th term is given by

T(r+1) = nCr 1n-r xr

T(r+1) = nCr xr

The coefficient of (r+1)th term is nCr

The rth term is given by (r-1)th term

T(r+1-1) = nCr-1 xr-1

Tr = nCr-1 xr-1

∴ the coefficient of rth term is nCr-1

For (r-1)th term we will take (r-2)th term

Tr-2+1 = nCr-2 xr-2

Tr-1 = nCr-2 xr-2

∴ the coefficient of (r-1)th term is nCr-2

Given that the coefficient of (r-1)th, rth and r+1th term are in ratio 1:3:5

Therefore,

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 26

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 27

Also

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 28

⇒ 5r = 3n – 3r + 3

⇒ 8r – 3n – 3 =0………….2

We have 1 and 2 as

n – 4r ± 5 =0…………1

8r – 3n – 3 =0…………….2

Multiplying equation 1 by number 2

2n -8r +10 =0……………….3

Adding equation 2 and 3

2n -8r +10 =0

-3n – 8r – 3 =0

⇒ -n = -7

n =7 and r = 3

11. Prove that the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is twice the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1.

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = nCr an-r br

The general term for binomial (1+x)2n is

Tr+1 = 2nCr xr …………………..1

To find the coefficient of xn

r = n

Tn+1 = 2nCn xn

The coefficient of xn = 2nCn

The general term for binomial (1+x)2n-1 is

Tr+1 = 2n-1Cr xr

To find the coefficient of xn

Putting n = r

Tr+1 = 2n-1Cr xn

The coefficient of xn = 2n-1Cn

We have to prove

Coefficient of xn in (1+x)2n = 2 coefficient of xn in (1+x)2n-1

Consider LHS = 2nCn

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 29

Hence the proof.

12. Find a positive value of m for which the coefficient of x2 in the expansion (1 + x)m is 6.

Solution:

The general term Tr+1 in the binomial expansion is given by Tr+1 = nCr an-r br

Here a = 1, b = x and n = m

Putting the value

Tr+1 = Cr 1m-r xr

Cr xr

We need coefficient of x2

∴ putting r = 2

T2+1 = mC2 x2

The coefficient of x2 = mC2

Given that coefficient of x2 = mC2 = 6

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 30

⇒ m (m – 1) = 12

⇒ m2– m – 12 =0

⇒ m2– 4m + 3m – 12 =0

⇒ m (m – 4) + 3 (m – 4) = 0

⇒ (m+3) (m – 4) = 0

⇒ m = – 3, 4

We need positive value of m so m = 4


Miscellaneous Exercise Page No: 175


1. Find a, b and n in the expansion of (a + b)n if the first three terms of the expansion are 729, 7290 and 30375, respectively.

Solution:

We know that (r + 1)th term, (Tr+1), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)n is given by

Tr+1 = nCr an-t br

The first three terms of the expansion are given as 729, 7290 and 30375 respectively. Then we have,

T1 = nC0 an-0 b0 = an = 729….. 1

T2 = nC1 an-1 b= nan-1 b = 7290…. 2

T3 = nC2 an-2 b2 = n (n -1)/2 an-2 b2 = 30375……3

Dividing 2 by 1 we get

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 31

From 4 and 5 we have

n. 5/3 = 10

n = 6

Substituting n = 6 in 1 we get

a6 = 729

a = 3

From 5 we have, b/3 = 5/3

b = 5

Thus a = 3, b = 5 and n = 76

2. Find a if the coefficients of x2 and x3 in the expansion of (3 + a x)9 are equal.

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 32

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 33

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 34

3. Find the coefficient of x5 in the product (1 + 2x)6 (1 – x)7 using binomial theorem.

Solution:

(1 + 2x)6 = 6C6C1 (2x) + 6C2 (2x)2 + 6C3 (2x)3 + 6C4 (2x)4 + 6C5 (2x)5 + 6C6 (2x)6

= 1 + 6 (2x) + 15 (2x)2 + 20 (2x)3 + 15 (2x)4 + 6 (2x)5 + (2x)6

= 1 + 12 x + 60x2 + 160 x3 + 240 x4 + 192 x5 + 64x6

(1 – x)7 = 7C0 – 7C1 (x) + 7C(x)2 – 7C(x)3 + 7C(x)4 – 7C(x)5 + 7C(x)– 7C(x)7

= 1 – 7x + 21x2 – 35x3 + 35x4 – 21x5 + 7x6 – x7

(1 + 2x)6 (1 – x)7 = (1 + 12 x + 60x2 + 160 x3 + 240 x4 + 192 x5 + 64x6) (1 – 7x + 21x2 – 35x3 + 35x4 – 21x5 + 7x6 – x7)

192 – 21 = 171

Thus, the coefficient of x5 in the expression (1+2x)6(1-x)7 is 171.

4. If a and b are distinct integers, prove that a – b is a factor of an – bn, whenever n is a positive integer. [Hint write an = (a – b + b)n and expand]

Solution:

In order to prove that (a – b) is a factor of (an – bn), it has to be proved that

an – bn = k (a – b) where k is some natural number.

a can be written as a = a – b + b

an = (a – b + b)= [(a – b) + b]n

nC0 (a – b)n + nC1 (a – b)n-1 b + …… + n bn

an – bn = (a – b) [(a –b)n-1 + nC1 (a – b)n-1 b + …… + n bn]

an – bn = (a – b) k

Where k = [(a –b)n-1 + nC1 (a – b)n-1 b + …… + n bn] is a natural number

This shows that (a – b) is a factor of (an – bn), where n is positive integer.

5. Evaluate 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 35

Solution:

Using binomial theorem the expression (a + b)6 and (a – b)6, can be expanded

(a + b)6 = 6C0 a6 + 6C1 a5 b + 6C2 a4 b2 + 6C3 a3 b3 + 6C4 a2 b4 + 6C5 a b6C6 b6

(a – b)6C0 a6 – 6C1 a5 b + 6C2 a4 b2 – 6C3 a3 b3 + 6C4 a2 b4 – 6C5 a b6C6 b6

Now (a + b)6 – (a – b)6 =6C0 a6 + 6C1 a5 b + 6C2 a4 b2 + 6C3 a3 b3 + 6C4 a2 b4 + 6C5 a b6C6 b6 – [6C0 a6 – 6C1 a5 b + 6C2 a4 b2 – 6C3 a3 b3 + 6C4 a2 b4 – 6C5 a b6C6 b6]

Now by substituting a = √3 and b = √2 we get

(√3 + √2)6 – (√3 – √2)6 = 2 [6 (√3)5 (√2) + 20 (√3)3 (√2)3 + 6 (√3) (√2)5]

= 2 [54(√6) + 120 (√6) + 24 √6]

= 2 (√6) (198)

= 396 √6

6. Find the value of 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 36

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 37

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 38

7. Find an approximation of (0.99)5 using the first three terms of its expansion.

Solution:

0.99 can be written as

0.99 = 1 – 0.01

Now by applying binomial theorem we get

(o. 99)5 = (1 – 0.01)5

5C(1)5 – 5C(1)4 (0.01) + 5C(1)3 (0.01)2

= 1 – 5 (0.01) + 10 (0.01)2

= 1 – 0.05 + 0.001

= 0.951

8. Find n, if the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to the fifth term from the end in the expansion of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 39 is √6: 1

Solution:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 40

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 41

9. Expand using Binomial Theorem 

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 42

Solution:

Using binomial theorem the given expression can be expanded as

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 43

Again by using binomial theorem to expand the above terms we get

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 44

From equation 1, 2 and 3 we get

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem Image 45

10. Find the expansion of (3x2 – 2ax + 3a2)3 using binomial theorem.

Solution:

We know that (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

Putting a = 3x2 & b = -a (2x-3a), we get

[3x2 + (-a (2x-3a))]3

= (3x2)3+3(3x2)2(-a (2x-3a)) + 3(3x2) (-a (2x-3a))2 + (-a (2x-3a))3

= 27x6 – 27ax(2x-3a) + 9a2x(2x-3a)2 – a3(2x-3a)3

= 27x6 – 54ax5 + 81a2x4 + 9a2x(4x2-12ax+9a2) – a[(2x)3 – (3a)3 – 3(2x)2(3a) + 3(2x)(3a)2]

= 27x6 – 54ax5 + 81a2x4 + 36a2x4 – 108a3x3 + 81a4x2 – 8a3x3 + 27a6 + 36a4x2 – 54a5x

= 27x6 – 54ax5+ 117a2x4 – 116a3x3 + 117a4x2 – 54a5x + 27a6

Thus, (3x2 – 2ax + 3a2)3

= 27x6 – 54ax5+ 117a2x4 – 116a3x3 + 117a4x2 – 54a5x + 27a6

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